Brain and Joints May Share Similar Inflammatory Mediators in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Posted on by

PainRelief.com Interview with:
Dr. Woojin Won
KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology
Korea University, Seoul
Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon
Republic of Korea

PainRelief.com: What is the background for this study?

Response: Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease that mainly affects the joint, and 30-70% of patients have complained of psychiatric disorders such as depression and cognitive impairment. It was suggested that inflammation of the brain was the cause, but the detailed mechanism was unknown. Based on the previous studies, I hypothesized that neuroinflammation will affect astrocytes (star-shaped brain cells) and induce psychiatric disorders.

In addition, there have been clinical reports that inhibition of monoamine oxidases (MAOs), enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of monoamine, relieves pain and mood disorder symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis. However, it is difficult to find a study on MAO inhibitors and rheumatoid arthritis. The reason may be that although MAO consists of two types (MAO-A and MAO-B), several studies have used them without distinction.

Pages: 1 2

Novel Protocol Reduced Use of Opioid Pain Relievers After Knee and Shoulder Surgeries

Posted on by

PainRelief.com Interview with:
Nicole Simunovic, MSc
On behalf of the NO PAin Principal Investigators

PainRelief.com: What is the background for this study?

Response: Orthopaedic surgeons prescribe more opioids than any other type of surgeon in North America. Opioids have the potential to be highly addictive and can cause serious harm or even death if taken in excess. The goal of our clinical study was to determine if an opioid sparing approach to postoperative pain management was safe and effective in patients undergoing arthroscopic knee and shoulder surgery.

Pages: 1 2

iovera° Cryoneurolysis Treatment is Drug-Free Option for Knee Pain

Posted on by

PainRelief.com Interview with:
Vinod Dasa MD
Professor of Clinical Orthopaedics
Director of Research
Louisiana State University Health

PainRelief.com:  Would you describe cryoneurolysis?

Response: Cryoneurolysis is a specialized intense cold therapy technique that provides long-term pain relief without the use of any system drugs. The iovera° system has revolutionized the delivery of long term, drug-free pain relief by delivering a concentrated, targeted cold therapy through a handheld device. The iovera° treatment blocks targeted sensory nerves from sending pain signals. Small closed-end needles are inserted into the treatment region and a treatment cycle is performed until the nerve is blocked, providing pain relief until the nerve regenerates. The localized nerve blocks and targets peripheral nerves to temporarily stop pain signals for up to 90 days and provide immediate, long-lasting pain relief without the need for opioids. The iovera° treatment is used to treat specific nerves so the pain relief is focused only on the part of the body that is being treated.

Pages: 1 2

Nitrous Oxide “Cracking” Can Reduce Greenhouse Gas From Pain Killer Used During Childbirth

Posted on by

PainRelief.com Interview with:
Dr Clifford L Shelton
Consultant Anaesthetist, Wythenshawe Hospital
Senior Clinical Lecturer, Lancaster Medical School (Director of Simulation and Skills)
Executive Editor, Anaesthesia Reports
Deputy Chair of PCPIE, National Institute of Academic Anaesthesia Health Services Research Centre

Dr. Annie Pinder
North West School of Anaesthesia,
Health Education England North West, Manchester, UK

PainRelief.com: What is the background for this study?

Response: Inhaled nitrous oxide is the most commonly-used pain relief for labour in the UK – used by an estimated 77% of women in labour. However, it has a high ‘carbon footprint’ and depletes the ozone layer so healthcare organisations must take steps to reduce its release. Previous works have also noted high levels of nitrous oxide in the work environment of midwives working on labour ward, which can have health implications.

In Scandinavia, nitrous oxide ‘cracking’ technology has been used for several years to address these concerns and this has recently become available in the UK – however, there is little available effectiveness of the technology in the clinical workplace. We previously conducted a bench experiment to assess the ability of cracking technology to reduce ambient nitrous oxide concentrations under ideal circumstances and found a substantial improvement when the technology was in place. However, controlled experimental situations are not representative of real-life.

In this study we therefore aimed to assess whether ambient nitrous oxide levels would be reduced when the technology was implemented on the low-risk birth centre of a typical UK maternity hospital.

Pages: 1 2

Use of Medical Cannabis Can Expose Patients to Harmful Contaminants

Posted on by

PainRelief.com Interview with:
Maxwell C. K. Leung, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor
Systems Biology and Toxicology
New College of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences
Arizona State University, West Campus

PainRelief.com: What is the background for this study?

Response: Over 200 million Americans currently have legal access to medical cannabis, recreational cannabis, or both. Yet, cannabis remains an illicit Schedule 1 substance at the federal level. This limits the efforts of several federal agencies to regulate harmful contaminants – including pesticides, heavy metals, solvents, microbes, and fungal toxins – in cannabis.

Pages: 1 2

Over Half of Older Adults Use OTC Pain Relievers for Joint Pain Relief

Posted on by

PainRelief.com Interview with:
Beth Wallace, M.D. M.Sc
Associate Investigator, Center for Clinical Management Research
Staff Physician, Rheumatology
VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System
Assistant Professor, Division of Rheumatology
University of Michigan

Dr. Wallace

PainRelief.com: What is the background for this study?

Response: Arthritis and joint pain are common among older adults. We used data from the University of Michigan National Poll on Healthy Aging to understand how a national sample of older adults experiences and manages joint pain.

PainRelief.com: What are the main findings?

Response: Seventy percent of adults aged 50-80 report that they have joint pain. Three in five have a diagnosis of arthritis, including 30% who have a diagnosis of osteoarthritis (also called “wear and tear” or “bone on bone” arthritis).

Of those with joint pain, half said that it limited their usual activities, but about three in four said that they saw arthritis and joint pain as a normal part of aging that they could manage on their own.

More than half of all adults use over-the-counter pain relievers like non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (Advil, Motrin, Aleve) for joint pain. One in ten used a prescription oral steroid, like prednisone. This is important because these medications can cause or worsen health conditions common in older people, such as high blood pressure and heart disease. More than a quarter of adults who used oral steroids for joint pain did not remember discussing the risks of these medications with their health care provider.

Ninety percent of those with joint pain used non-medication treatments, like exercise, massage, and splints and braces, to manage their symptoms. Most people who used these treatments found them to be very helpful.

Pages: 1 2

University of Pittsburgh Study Finds Durable Pain Relief in Obese Patients Following Bariatric Surgery

Posted on by

PainRelief.com Interview with:
Wendy C. King, PhD
Epidemiology Data Center
School of Public Health
University of Pittsburgh
Pittsburgh, PA

Dr. King

PainRelief.com: What is the background for this study?

Response: Previous studies had provided evidence that bariatric surgical procedures are associated with improvements in pain, physical function and work productivity. However, most prior studies only followed participants 1-2 years, at which point participants were at the peak of their weight loss. 

Among a large cohort of US adults, we wanted to evaluate how much initial improvements in pain, physical function and work productivity declined during long-term follow-up, when some degree of weight regain is not uncommon. We limited our study to adults who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) or sleeve gastrectomy (SG), the two most common bariatric surgical procedures done today.

Pages: 1 2

Cannabis During Pregnancy May Have Long Term Mental Health Consequences for Children

Posted on by
David-Baranger
Dr. Baranger

PainRelief.com Interview with:

David A. A. Baranger, PhD
Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences

Dr. Brogdan

Ryan Bogdan, PhD
Associate Professor of Psychological & Brain Sciences
Department of Psychiatry
Washington University in St Louis
St Louis, Missouri



PainRelief.com: What is the background for this study? What are the main findings?

David Baranger: Prenatal cannabis use is increasing in the United States. Prior work from our group found that prenatal cannabis exposure, particularly when it occurred after mothers learned they were pregnant, was associated with worse mental health outcomes in children aged 9-10.

In this study we followed up with this same group of children, who are now as old as 12, to ask whether anything has changed. Have they improved, or gotten worse? To our surprise, we found that children with prenatal cannabis exposure still had worse mental health outcomes – things had not gotten better, nor had they gotten worse.  

Pages: 1 2

Drug Stocks Drop When Recreational Cannabis Legalized

Posted on by

PainRelief.com Interview with:

Sarah Stith PhD
Assistant Professor of Economics
University of New Mexico

Dr. Stith

PainRelief.com: What is the background for this study?

Response: We studied how the stock market returns of publicly traded pharmaceutical firms responded to medical and recreational cannabis legalization events. Our results show that stock market returns were 1.5-2% lower at 10 days following a single cannabis legalization event and that the annual sales implications from this reduction were in the billions.

Pages: 1 2

Repurposing Old Drugs May Lead to Chronic Pain Relief Medications

Posted on by

PainRelief.com Interview with:
Shane Cronin PhD
Staff scientist in the Penninger lab at IMBA
Former postdoc in the Woolf lab at Harvard Medical School and
F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital

PainRelief.com: What is the background for this study?

Response: We and others have shown that the BH4 (tetrahydrobiopterin) metabolic pathway is upregulated in injured nerves and contributes to pain hypersensitivity in various rodent models of chronic pain. BH4 is a metabolite and an important cofactor for the aromatic amino acid hydroxylases for the production of dopamine and serotonin for example. it has also been previously shown to exert cofactor independent roles such as ROS scavenging and Fe3+ reduction in maintaining mitochondrial health.

Moreover, gene association studies in humans have also demonstrated a correlation between low levels of the bottleneck enzyme for BH4 biosynthesis, GCH1, and reduced severity of chronic pain (nicely reviewed here: PMID: 28667479). We believe that targeting this increase of BH4 after nerve injury is a viable strategy to reduce the ensuing pain. So, we set up a screening platform using transgenic mouse DRG neurons in which GFP is controlled by the Gch1 promoter – when Gch1 is turned on (as is in the case of nerve injury), GFP gets turned on as a proxy for BH4 activation and ‘in vitro cellular pain’. 

Pages: 1 2